Heat of Melting of Ice:

1. Determine the mass of the inner calorimeter cup, m_c. Record this in the Data sheet for the Heat of Melting.
2. Fill the inner calorimeter cup about two-thirds/one-thirds/one-fourth full of water, and determine the mass of the water, m_w. Record this value for Heat of Melting experiment.
3. Determine the initial temperature of the water and the inner calorimeter cup, T, using the standard thermometer. Record this value for the Heat of Melting experiment.
4. Record the initial temperature of the ice.
5. Dry a sample of ice with a paper towel, then add the ice to the calorimeter. Be sure that the quantity of ice added to the water is sufficient to produce a large enough temperature change that can be measured precisely. Also do not use too large piece of ice that the calorimeter and the cup will be reduced to the freezing point of water.
6. Determine the final temperature of the mixture. Record this value for the Heat of Melting experiment.
7. Determine the mass of the added ice, m_ice by measuring the final mass of the calorimeter and water with
8. Repeat the experiment with three different mass of the added ice, m_ice.

Heat of Condensation:

1. Determine the mass of the inner calorimeter cup, m_c. Record this value for the heat of Condensation experiment.
2. Fill the inner calorimeter cup for about two-thirds/one-thirds/one-fourth full of water and determine the mass of water, m_w. Record this value for the Heat of Condensation experiment.
3. Determine the initial temperature of the water and the inner calorimeter cup, T_iw, using the standard thermometer. Record this value for the Heat of Condensation experiment.
4. Record the initial temperature of the steam.
5. Add a small quantity of steam to the water in the calorimeter cup.
6. When the temperature has adequately changed, clamp the hose that is in the water and shake any excess water from the hose as it is removed from the water. If the hose is not clamped, water could be drawn into the trap at the time the hose is removed. This will require the experiment to be performed again.
7. Stir the water in the calorimeter cup after the steam hose is removed. Continue this until the temperature stabilizes. Watch for the temperature to briefly hold at some point on the thermometer. Record this equilibrium temperature.
8. Determine the mass of the added steam, m_steam, by measuring the final mass of the calorimeter and water with the condensed steam and subtract the mass of the calorimeter cup, m_e, and the initial amount of water, m_w. Record this mass.
9. Repeat the experiment with three different mass of the added steam, m_steam.

Calculations

1. Determine the amount of heat gained by the melted ice (water), Q _warning as it warms from the melting point of 0°C to the equilibrium temperature Q _warming = m_icec_w (T_f - 0⁰C).
2. Determine the amount of heat lost by the original water, Q_w, as it cools from its initial temperature, T_iw, to the final equilibrium temperature T_f Q _w = m_wc_W (T_f - T_iw).
3. Determine the amount of heat lost by the inner calorimeter cup, Q_c, as it cools from its initial temperature T_iw to the final equilibrium temperature, T_f Q _c = m_cc_c (T_f - T_iw).
4. Determine the amount of heat gained by the ice as it melted at 0°C, Q _melting Q _melting = - (Q _warming + Q _w + Q _c).
5. Calculate the Heat of Melting of Ice, L_f. Q _melting = m_ice . L_f
6. Calculate the percent error of the calculated value of the Heat of Melting of ice. The Heat of Melting of Ice is L_f= 79.7 kcal/kg. Record the result.