PHYSICS LAB MANUALS

Addition of Oscillations

  1. Take a thread of ~ 0.3 m length and tie it to the hook of the pendulum bob.
  2. Tie the other end of the threads to the stand.

Make sure that pendulum bob almost touches the table.

  1. Measure the time period of the pendulum by displacing it in one direction.
  2. Then measure the time period by displacing it a direction perpendicular to the one taken in step 3.
  3. Bring the pendulum to the equilibrium position.
  4. Draw x-y axes on a graph paper. Place it such that the origin of the x-y axes is under the pendulum.
  5. Check if the oscillation is happening exactly on the x and y axes separately by displacing it both the directions separately. If not slightly adjust the graph paper.

Straight -line

  1. Oscillate the pendulum in x direction. Wait for 5-6 oscillations to occur. Observe the amplitude of the motion.
  2. While oscillating, when the pendulum is at the equilibrium position, hit it in the y direction.

This will need some practice.

  1. Trace the path the pendulum on the graph paper and draw the line.
  2. Repeat steps 8-10 with different amplitudes.

Ellipse

  1. Oscillate the pendulum in x direction. Wait for 5-6 oscillations to occur. Observe the amplitude of the motion.
  2. While oscillating, when the pendulum is at the extreme position, hit it in the y direction.

This will need some practice.

  1. Trace the path the pendulum on the graph paper and draw the ellipse. Also indicate the direction.
  2. Repeat steps 12-14 with different amplitudes.

Circle

  1. Oscillate the pendulum in x direction. Wait for 5-6 oscillations to occur. Observe the amplitude of the motion.
  2. While oscillating, when the pendulum is at the extreme position, hit it in the y direction such that amplitude is same as in the x-direction.

    This will need some practice.

  1. Trace the path the pendulum on the graph paper and draw the circle. Also indicate the direction.
  2. Repeat steps 16-18 with different amplitudes.
Time t=0 is the moment when the bob is hit in the y direction.
Notedown the initial position and initial speed in each direction in the following table. Numerical values are not needed.

x -direction

Initial

x-Phase

y -direction

Initial

y-phase

Phase difference

position

x(0)

speed

x(0)


position

y(0)

speed

y(0)



Straight line








Ellipse








Circle